England was a majority Protestant country, but had a Catholic minority. Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which interactions between societies and cultures affected the institutions of land-based empires in this period. Maybe. Muhammad left no successor/Sunni = rightly guided person (Ottomans, Mughals)/Shi'a = blood relative of Muhammad (Shia) / Still split today! decide a president, Where did early Christians meet, hide, and bury their dead to avoid detection and persecution? North of the Spanish territory, the French and British were fueling their rivalry as they competed for land and control of resources. What were the characteristics of Renaissance humanism? separated people into groups of religions etc. Although mixed children existed, primarily because of forced assaults, the societal norm was segregation and policies supported this tradition. How did religion legitimize powers in 1450-1700? Rulers continue to use religious ideas to justify their rule, Rulers waged conflicts against other rulers of different religions. It did, however, lead to further spread of Christianity. The Americas are mostly defined by ethnic division during the period of 1450-1750. In the 15th and 16th centuries, Jewish communities faced increased, Jews of Spanish descent that migrated to North Africa and the Middle East are referred to as Sephardic. From the 16th to the early 20th centuries, the British Empire was centered in the British Isles. They established a. France and England were not as financially stable. In the 18th century, the Spanish Empire began to decline. Escaped serfs began to organize as free peasants, especially in the steppes. The Incan Empire was known for its advanced system of government, which included a well-organized bureaucracy and a strong centralized administration. The Safavid Empire is known for its cultural achievements and its role in the spread of Shia Islam in the region. Use the clues to complete the crossword puzzle. The last stand against colonization was led by Metacom, also known as his colonial name King Phillip. AP World History Unit 3: Land Based Empires c. 1450 to c. 1750 - Quizlet This included the development of military professionals Learning Objective 3.4.D These are a good comparison of the methods by which various empires increased their influence from 1450-1750. Silver and gold, columbian exchange, plantation farming. The Sunni and Shia split after the death of Muhammad. The Meiji period saw the modernization and westernization of Japan, as the country opened up to foreign influence and underwent rapid industrialization and urbanization. Explain how the land-based empires of the 1450-1750 time period developed (what allowed them to obtain and maintain power): Land-based empires were able to develop as production of gunpowder and cannons increased. Key Takeaways AP World History Period 2 (1450-1750) The Americas became part of the global trade network, spurred by the Columbian Exchange. TheFrenchEmpirewasoneofthelargestandmostpowerfulempiresinhistory,withterritoriesinEurope,theAmericas,Africa,andAsiaatitspeak. It was a major player in the Industrial Revolution and a global power in the 18th and early 19th centuries. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the Songhai Empire ruled over a large portion of West Africa. The Aztec Empire is particularly known for its system of writing, which was based on glyphs, or symbols, that represented sounds and concepts. The two split because they couldn't agree on who they wanted to rule after Muhammad, Ali or Abu Bakr. The movement of goods and people had regional consequences. Cash crops were profitable, but required a lot of labor. These new markets were profitable, but could only be sustained with a lot of cheap or free labor. It came to an end in the mid-18th century, when it was conquered by the Afghan Hotaki dynasty. The effects consisted of increased warfare and wealth in West Africa as they traded goods for warfare. What are some examples of religious tolerance 1450-1700? Also there was heavy taxation as well as lots of trade on land and sea. The Ottoman, Mughal and Russian empires conquered other lands from 1450-1750 and either proliferated a certain religion or they instituted a religious tolerance policy within their empires. Mita systems. Describe indentured servitude. The Ottomans were religiously tolerant of Jews and Christians, which allowed these groups to thrive and contribute economically. If they could fast a quicker route to Asia, profits would balloon and religious ideologies would spread. The Qajar dynasty, which followed the Safavids, eventually regained control of the empire and ruled over Iran until the early 20th century. This will not only help you review content from Unit 3. The economy became more centralized and industrialized, and the arts, including literature, theater, and the tea ceremony, flourished. It was also known for having an advanced government system that included a well-organized bureaucracy and a highly centralized administration. Back in England, things were getting complicated. Great wealth and splendor. His family ruled for 300 years & were the last czars of Russia. Land-Based Empires 1450-1750 CE Flashcards | Quizlet Restrictions on women were softened and everyone had religious tolerance. The Asante Empire and Kingdom of the Kongo participated in slave trade, which increased their wealth and power. French King Louis XIV built the Palace of Versailles. Africans were kidnapped, often with the help of local rulers, and brought to the New World. Their Sun God needed human blood so it would not descend into eternal darkness. Explain how the land-based empires of the 1450-1750 time period developed (what allowed them to obtain and maintain power): Land-based empires were able to develop as production of gunpowder and cannons increased. Mercantilism is an economic practice where empires use their economies to grow in state power. \text { Within } \\ However, in the 17th century, the, In fear of minority rule, Hindu warriors called the Marathas rebelled. \hline \begin{array}{l} In each of the given sentences, underline the relative pronoun and circle the word to which it refers. The Qing Dynasty was the last imperial dynasty in China, ruling from 1644 to 1912. The Manchu imposed their will on the Qing people, Muslim rulers over India, combined Hindu and Muslim, brought India to the peak of its political empire, had a single government with a common culture, = Turkish empire based in Anatolia. The global economy thrived as trade, inflation was caused, and labor increased. Tolerant of Central Asian belief systems. Example 1. Both groups would experience a, In Russia, the social classes were similar to the rest of Europe, except that they continued to practice serfdom. Intensified the tension between the Sunni/Shia hostility. It was founded in the late 13th century by Turkish tribes who converted to Islam in northwestern Anatolia. From 1603 to 1868, Japan was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate. The Spanish also established a fort at St. Augustine in present-day Florida. Indentured servitude was a contract as landowners provided food and shelter for the work done instead of money. During this time, Europeans stuck to themselves in trading posts and did not assert authority over land, but did overseas known as, Difference Between Land-Based and Maritime Empires, Divine Right of Kings (French Empire), Mandate of Heaven (China), Songhai Islam (Songhai), Devshirme System (Ottoman Empire), Samurai Warriors (Japan), Qing Dynasty (Restrictive Policy on Han Chinese), Spanish Empire (The Casta System), The Ottoman Empire (The Millet System), The Mughal Empire (Zamindar/Rajput System), The Portugese in Africa/India, The Dutch in Southeast Asia, The French in North America, The British in North America, The Spanish in North and South America. Finally, a new elite class emerged called the. The lateen sail was a triangular sail that allowed ships to sail against wind. This made the journey more expensive and more dangerous. Contextualizing the Unit (1450 to 1750) Before 1450, regional trade was all the rage as the Silk Roads, Indian Ocean network, and Trans-Saharan routes exploded with more merchants and goods flowing. A major difference between these two types of empires is that the empires on the left were predominantly land based, meaning most of their power and wealth came from the land. \hline \text { Total } & 5311.82 & 39 & & & & \\ The French were the least important empire but they had military supremacy. The Spanish Empire was a global empire centered in Spain that ruled over a large portion of the world from the 15th to the early 19th centuries. The Safavid Empire was a Persian Empire that ruled over parts of present-day Iran, Iraq, and the Caucasus region from the early 16th to the mid-18th century. The changes in economic policy and increased trade led to innovations in finances, business, and banking. The Aztecs followed a religion based on the worship of a pantheon of gods, and they were known for their elaborate ceremonies and human sacrifices. It was founded by Ismail I, who declared the Safavid dynasty to be the region's legitimate rulers. Explorers also tried to proselytize others. The name of the paintin Land Based Empires 1450-c. 1750 Flashcards | Quizlet The Aztecs demanded specific goods from conquered people, called Tribute. Who were typically indentured servants in this time period and how would that change in the 1750-1900 time period? answered expert verified A) Identify ONE way in which ethnic divisions affected the development of land-based empires in the period 1450-1750. b) Identify ONE way in which ethnic divisions affected the development of maritime empires in the period 1450-1750. What specific states supported maritime exploration in this time period? In the Ottoman Empire, they were Christian boys from the Balkans who were enslaved & educated to serve the state) helped to consolidate power by creating a very loyal bureaucracy and elite military (the Janissaries). Describe technological diffusions that occurred in the 1450-1750 time period. A body of religious teachings based on the ideas of the reformer John Calvin. Mongol leader who conquered Persia and Mesopotamia, started the Ghazi model for warriors. Your time is up. The Aztec Empire was known for its sophisticated government system, which included an organized bureaucracy and a strong centralized administration. The Inca Empire is known for its cultural achievements and its sophisticated system of government and administration. What continuities in networks of exchange existed in relation to the 1200 to 1450 time period? East, The Missouri Compromise was needed to What could be done about them? What were some of the economic outcomes of European maritime exploration (positive and negative). It was a Spanish labor system that rewarded conquerors with labor of particular groups. \hline \text { Column 3 } & {10} & {366} \\ How did Sognhai rulers in West Africa use religion to legitimize their power 1450-1700? The explosion of the slave trade seriously weakened African kingdoms that had been on the rise before this time. The empire was also a center of learning and scholarship, with the establishment of several major universities and the support of scholars and intellectuals. The French aligned with the Iroquois for protection and trading rights. The Protestant Reformation increased literacy through Europe, created civil rights, gave states more power, and led to modern democracy. The Ottoman Turks were able to control the Silk Road, which was a trading route that connected Europe with the markets in Asia and the Middle East. As serfs, they were completely tied to the land and sold when the land sold. The rulers and nobles all converted to Islam. Why does it have these characteristics? \text { Variation } During the Tokugawa Shogunate, Japan underwent significant economic and cultural development. This was used to generate revenue to continue the rise of state power and expansion. In North America, the Spanish had control of the southwest regions, central America, and Florida. The Portuguese were a growing empire as they conquered trading routes and expanded their access to trade. It was founded by Catherine the Great, who established the Romanov Dynasty and expanded the territory of the empire through military conquests. The Safavid Empire declined in the late 18th century and was eventually dissolved in the early 19th century. What methods were used by the Mughal Empire (1526-1857 CE). This included the continuity of using religious ideas to legitimize their rule. Bureaucrats called Zamindars were appointed by the emperor to collect taxes based on an individual's land or production. Mughals, 1857. What changes (political, social, cultural) occurred as a result of the Protestant Reformation? Why were large powerful militaries & elite cadres of soldiers essential in this 1450-1700? However in 1675, Metacom mounted one last effort to drive the British off the Native land. It had a centralized, autocratic government and a diverse population that included Muslims, Christians, and Jews. in underground passages and rooms called catacombs Why? Without any bloodshed, William and Mary II pressured James II into exile and took the throne. Following the Meiji Restoration, which ended feudal rule in Japan, the Tokugawa shogunate was deposed in 1868. However, the Americas suffered massive depopulation because of the spread of disease. 4. Copy of Unit 4 Sea-Based Empires Graphic Organizer 2019 All of the ethnic combinations created new social classes organized by race with Europeans the top. Developed in South Asia due to interactions between Hinduism and Islam. Explain how the land-based empires of the 1450-1750 time period developed (what allowed them to obtain and maintain power): Historical Developments Imperial expansion relied on the increased use of gunpowder, cannons, and . The Ottoman Turks were able to control the Silk Road, which was a trading route that connected Europe with the markets in Asia and the Middle East. AP World History: Modern Period 2 Notes (1450-1750) The Safavid Empire was an eastern Islamic state that existed from the early 16th to the mid-18th centuries. This allowed for indirect rule (instead of centralized direct authority), where the Aztec did not have to be present in conquered areas to maintain control. What is the mit'a system and how was it exploited by the Spanish empire? A beautiful tomb built by the Mughal ruler Shah Jahan to honor his wife. It was founded by Ismail I, who established the Safavid Dynasty and declared Twelver Shia Islam the official religion of the empire. This is a constant in world history. AP World DBQ Contextualization & Thesis Practice | Fiveable Label each word or phrase that is italicized to indicate its use in the sentence. Cultural syncretism is when cultures blend together and this occurred as slaves were traded back and forth. The Manchu imposed their will on the Qing people Click the card to flip Flashcards Learn Through a 8 year conquest moving east ward and stopping at Russia. Describe the impact of the Columbian Exchange on the Eastern Hemisphere (Old World). Unit 3: Land-Based Empires C. 1450 - 1750 Topic 3.1 Empires Expand Learning Objective Explain how and why various land-based empires developed and expanded from 1450 to 1750. The Ottomans were patrons of the arts and encouraged the development of a distinct Ottoman style of art and architecture. US military Free peasants affected by heavy debts often lost their land and were forced into serfdom. After the tumultuous years of the Mongol invasion and the subsequent Yuan dynasty, it was also a time of relative peace and prosperity in China. Ottoman sultan called the "Conqueror"; responsible for conquest of Constantinople in 1453; destroyed what remained of Byzantine Empire. They embraced "Divine Right" which claims that the king is God's representative on Earth and carries out his bidding. Meanwhile, the population of forced laborers increased, further expanding the wealth gap. 1555 agreement after the 30 Years War declaring that the religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler. The Ming Dynasty is also known for its cultural achievements, including the construction of the Forbidden City in Beijing and the completion of the Great Wall of China. Organized people into 10, 50, 100, 500, 1,000, 5,000 and 10,000 led by local officials. Native Americans did not have biological immunity to the common diseases brought by Europeans like smallpox and typhoid. It was also a multicultural state, with Han Chinese, Manchus, Mongols, and other ethnic groups living there. . 2023 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved. What court rituals did the Songhai Empire (c. 1464 - 1591), in West Africa centralize their bureaucracies? Women in the Ottoman Empire also experienced some expanded freedoms. While the West African people were defending themselves from foreign attacks (external challenges), the Russians were dealing with internal challenges. Describe European maritime empires: Spanish. The Mughal emperors, particularly Akbar, Shah Jahan, and Jahangir, were patrons of the arts and encouraged the development of a distinct Mughal style of art and architecture. The British Empire was the largest empire in history, with territories on every continent. Families were separated and there was a gender imbalance because more men were taken than women. The Tokugawa shogunate, a feudal government led by the Tokugawa family, ruled during this period of political stability and economic growth. Unit 3 Flashcards | Quizlet The Qing Empire was distinguished by a centralized government, a social hierarchy, and a bureaucratic rule system. Tax (ex: Mughal zamindar tax collection, Ottoman tax farming), used movable type to print, increased literacy and helped spread the Reformation, First absolute tsar of Russia who crushed the boyars, giving him a bad reputation, emperor of Qing dynasty, greatly expanded China's borders. Muslim merchants continued to travel on trade routes, as they had done in the past centuries. Some African rulers were complicit in the slave trade. Many tribes participated, although some sided with the English. Within the military, the. under the altars of churches throughout the city of Rome Then, underline the verb in parentheses that agrees in number with the word to which the relative pronoun refers. Indigenous communities were originally enslaved, but they were not a viable long term plan for free/cheap labor. It was one of the largest and most long-lasting empires in world history. The Qing Dynasty was China's final imperial dynasty. They were called Cossacks. Describe the Safavid Empire (use SPICE-T characteristics): The Safavid Empire was located in modern-day Iran. Legitimized power over the Chinese since the Manchu were seen as foreigners. Although some existed before and after, most are confined to this time period. Japan initially welcomed Portuguese and Dutch traders and. The land gained was a part of the European country and as such, the European countries would take the raw materials for their benefit. It was also renowned for its architectural and artistic accomplishments, as well as its military prowess. In the twentieth century, the British Empire began to decline. #traderace. (predicate nominative), app.app.app. They ruled with aristocrats who were elected based on merit and their power was controlled. How did Aztec Empire (1428-1521), in Mesoamerica consolidate power in this era? They built strong militaries that were able to give threat to competitive empires. 1. Spanish and Portuguese influence spread across politics, economics, and society in the Americas. These were empires, and, while each empire was run slightly differently with different systems of administration or taxation or military technology, they were absolute monarchies. A, For those empires that expanded overseas, there were two major types that corresponded more to the situation of the colonized regions. The empire was also a center of learning and scholarship, with the establishment of several major libraries and the support of scholars and intellectuals. The Mughal Empire was a Muslim dynasty that ruled India from the early 16th to the mid-19th century. These diseases killed up to 90% of the population. Stopped crusades and expanded Islam. Describe the Qing Dynasty (use SPICE-T characteristics): The Quing Dynasty was located in Central Eurasia and used bureaucratic techniques to rule. States utilized the economic, political and military contributions of different ethnic and religious groups. The most illustrious sultan of the Ottoman Empire (r. 1520-1566); also known as 'The Lawgiver.' What factors drove the demand for chattel slavery? The French Empire is particularly known for its contributions to the fields of law, administration, and education, as many of the institutions and systems that were developed during this time continue to influence these fields today. Use Fisher's LSD method to determine which means differ at the 5% level of significance. While the Columbian Exchange and Columbuss Voyages capture most of the attention between 1450-1750, at the same time, around the world a number of land empires centralized. The, Newtons Laws of Gravitation, Astronomical Charts, Better mapmaking, Astrolabe, Lateen sail, Compass, New ships (caravel, carrack, fluyt), Established Spanish links to Americas and Asia, Harvested cash crops, worked plantations, maintained homes. How did leaders legitimize their rule through architecture 1450-1700? Music was a key factor for survival in many slave communities. The colonists defeated the Natives after 14 months of bloody rebellion. An internal challenge to power comes from people within the state such as citizens, enslaved people, or colonies. , g was "American Progress." Are there any areas in or around your school or neighborhood that are safety concerns? \text { Source of } \\ How did the Mughal Empire expand their empire? This blood is provided through wars, conquests and POW sacrifices. This site is using cookies under cookie policy . Mountain men What were the characteristics of the Mughal Empire? Europeans were primarily motivated by money, religion, rivalry, and conquest. Advanced technologies, the finding of the New World, and knowledge of monsoon winds and currents. In West Africa, European merchants and missionaries reached inland to the Kongo and Benin. The Aztec Empire came to an end in the 16th century, when it was conquered by the Spanish conquistadors, led by Hernn Corts. in the hills surrounding Rome in specially designed bui The Aztec Empire is known for its cultural achievements and its sophisticated system of government and administration. Rulers used a variety of methods to legitimize and consolidate power in land- based empires. Why does it have these characteristics? Monumental architecture (giant structures) meant to impress. Europeans would have to wait a few centuries for access to China. In 1494, they signed the, The Spanish conquistadors brought down the thriving Aztec and Inca empires within a few decades. Describe European maritime empires: Portuguese. They took the title "Caliph" to show they were the legitimate successors of Muhammed. These empires were land-based, meaning they focused their attention predominantly on land-based expansion or administration and did not express interest in controlling overseas territory. Include both positive and negative outcomes. The Mughal Empire ruled over much of the Indian subcontinent at its peak, including modern-day India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and parts of Afghanistan. Answer:The fact that the Ottoman Empire became more prominent from 1450 to 1750 had a great impact on global trade networks and in the way trade was conducted in the area. New crops and livestock changed eating habits and largely increased the global population. How did they deal with political and religious disputes? Safavids were Shia Islam, and the Mughals were Sunni, West Africa, Morocco invaded Songhai and eventually brought it down, Examples: Muslim & Hindus in the Mughal Empires, Muslims & Christians in the Ottoman Empire. It was founded by the Inca civilization, which developed in the Andean region of South America and eventually came to dominate much of the region through military conquests. They supported exploration by agricultural, manufactured, and animal products as well as supported slave trade. Tsar of Russia that Westernized Russia and built up a massive Russian army. The Dutch Empire was a global empire that was centered in the Netherlands and that controlled a significant portion of the world from the 16th to the early 20th century. After her death, the Portuguese gained control of the region until well 1975. A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches. 3. Land Based Empires (1450-1750) Freemanpedia Rulers used a variety of methods to legitimize and consolidate power in land based empires. The Russian Empire was a multiethnic state with over 100 ethnic groups living within its borders. The Tokugawa period was also a time of cultural and artistic flourishing, with the emergence of several distinct artistic styles and the rise of a wealthy, urban merchant class. Below the royals was a second class of the nobility, a small wealthy group that owned most of the land. 2. The Spanish empire then used it as labor. They established the Aztec Empire, a vast empire that ruled over much of central and southern Mexico. Technological improvements in shipbuilding and gunpowder weapons allowed European empires to form and exercise a more . Utilization of religious ideas to solidify rule. Faith is what gets you into heaven not monks/nuns/the church. European society was ruled by a royal family that gained enormous wealth from trade and corruption. As Europeans explored and colonized Africa and Asia, they set up. The Ming dynasty ended in 1644, when it was deposed by the Qing dynasty. The mit'a system was to build buildings and create roads through an empire. What were the motivations and consequences of exploration? They were able to maintain their power as well as gain power by conquering lands. Before 1492, the Americas were isolated from Africa, Europe, and Asia.