A member of the Republican Party, he was born near Petersburg, Illinois. As an innovator of American interventionism and pro-business sentiment, McKinley is generally ranked as an above-average president, although his take-over of the Philippines is often criticized as an act of imperialism. Hanna, once he entered public affairs as a political manager and generous contributor, supported Sherman's ambitions, as well as those of Foraker. The new president gave a lengthy inaugural address; he urged tariff reform, and stated that the currency issue would have to await tariff legislation. [39] Carroll and Hancock encouraged McKinley to apply for a place in the peacetime army, but he declined and returned to Ohio the following month. Death: May 06, 1807 (25) Immediate Family: Son of David McKinley, "the patriot" and Sarah Anna McKinley. [203] After hearing a speech by anarchist Emma Goldman in Cleveland, Czolgosz had decided to take action that he believed would advance the cause. [236] After the assassination, the present United States Secret Service came into existence when the Congress deemed it necessary that presidential protection be part of its duties. Governor James E. Campbell, a Democrat, who had defeated Foraker in 1889, was to seek re-election in 1891. View listing photos, review sales history, and use our detailed real estate filters to find the perfect place. By the time McKinley took the oath of office as president, many Americansinfluenced greatly by the sensationalistic yellow journalism of the Hearst and Pulitzer newspaperswere eager to see the United States intervene in Cuba, where Spain was engaged in brutal repression of an independence movement. The ClaytonBulwer Treaty, which the two nations signed in 1850, prohibited either from establishing exclusive control over a canal there. He hoped to persuade Spain to grant independence to rebellious Cuba without conflict, but when negotiation failed, requested and signed Congress's declaration of war to begin the Spanish-American War of 1898. [124] Vice President Hobart, as was customary at the time, was not invited to Cabinet meetings. [135] As pressure for war mounted in Congress, McKinley continued to negotiate for Cuban independence. [32] By August, Early was retreating south in the valley, with Sheridan's army in pursuit. He loved baseball, and he was a good second baseman and a power hitter. He promoted the 1897 Dingley Tariff to protect manufacturers and factory workers from foreign competition and in 1900 secured the passage of the Gold Standard Act. [134] Negotiations with Spain continued as the court considered the evidence, but on March 20, the court ruled that the Maine was blown up by an underwater mine. American public opinion favored the rebels, and McKinley shared in their outrage against Spanish policies. How many kids did William Henry Harrison have? [213], At 2:15a.m. on September 14, 1901, McKinley died. [35] In February 1865, Crook was captured by Confederate raiders. In his final speech, McKinley urged reciprocity treaties with other nations to assure American manufacturers access to foreign markets. How many siblings does George W. Bush have? "A Transitional Moment: William McKinley's Foreign Policy Rhetoric and America's Outward Turn" (University of Kansas;ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2017. Cheering crowds throughout the journey attested to McKinleys immense popularity. [166] McKinley's actions set a precedent that led to most of his successors exerting similar independent control over the military. [216] Morgan suggests that this relatively low ranking is the result of a perception among historians that while many decisions during McKinley's presidency profoundly affected the nation's future, he more followed public opinion than led it, and that McKinley's standing has suffered from altered public expectations of the presidency. William McKinley. The subsequent Treaty of Paris, signed in December 1898 and ratified by the Senate in February 1899, ceded Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the United States; Cuba became independent. [228], There has been broad agreement among historians that McKinley's election occurred at a time of a transition between two political eras, dubbed the Third and Fourth Party Systems. [187] He considered other prominent candidates, including Allison and Cornelius Newton Bliss, but none were as popular as the Republican party's rising star, Theodore Roosevelt. Hanna, however, was little seen in the campaign; he spent much of his time raising funds for the election of legislators pledged to vote for Sherman in the 1892 senatorial election. [111] On November 3, 1896, the voters had their say. Within two years, the future first lady witnessed the deaths of her mother and two daughters. How many siblings did Zachary Taylor have? William McKinley (January 29, 1843 - September 14, 1901) was the 25th President of the United States, serving from March 4, 1897, until his assassination in September 1901, six months into his second term. How many siblings did Queen Liliuokalani have? Later, Dunham married Lolo Soetoro and had a daughter, Maya Soetoro-Ng. When other contenders such as Speaker Reed and Iowa Senator William B. Allison sent agents outside their states to organize Republicans in support of their candidacies, they found that Hanna's agents had preceded them. "[117], McKinley's most controversial Cabinet appointment was that of John Sherman as Secretary of State. Brady, David William. By the end of September, the Republicans had discontinued printing material on the silver issue, and were entirely concentrating on the tariff question. If such a thing were possible, it would not be best for us or for those with whom we deal. "[216] Beginning in the 1950s, McKinley received more favorable evaluations; nevertheless, in surveys ranking American presidents, he has generally been placed near the middle, often trailing contemporaries such as Hayes and Cleveland. [185] McKinley's popularity in his first term assured him of renomination for a second. [158] McKinley had difficulty convincing the Senate to approve the treaty by the requisite two-thirds vote, but his lobbying, and that of Vice President Hobart, eventually saw success, as the Senate voted in favor on February 6, 1899, 57 to 27. Matlosz, Gregory. On July 24 he signed into law the Dingley Tariff, the highest protective tariff in American history to that time. [12], The men were unhappy to learn that, unlike Ohio's earlier volunteer regiments, they would not be permitted to elect their officers; these would be designated by Ohio's governor, William Dennison. Both his parents were of English and Scots-Irish ancestry. [29] Before the army could make another attempt, Confederate General Jubal Early's raid into Maryland forced their recall to the north. December 06, 1781. Harrietwas born on July 9 1865, in Upper Nelson, NB., Canada. Drawn immediately to politics in the Republican Party, McKinley supported Hayes for governor in 1867 and Ulysses S. Grant for president in 1868. [121] Although McKinley was initially inclined to allow Long to choose his own assistant, there was considerable pressure on the President-elect to appoint Theodore Roosevelt, head of the New York City Police Commission and a published naval historian. [49] By that time, Hayes had been nominated for president, and McKinley campaigned for him while running his own congressional campaign. Biography. Waksmundski, John. [207], In the days after the shooting, McKinley appeared to improve and doctors issued increasingly optimistic bulletins. [109] The Northeast was considered most likely safe for McKinley after the early-voting states of Maine and Vermont supported him in September. How many siblings did Christopher Columbus have? Ida Saxton McKinley was born and raised in the home, and it remained in her family until 1919. [47] He attended the state Republican convention that nominated Hayes for a third term as governor in 1875, and campaigned again for his old friend in the election that fall. McKinley was reluctant, stating to one Roosevelt booster, "I want peace and I am told that your friend Theodore is always getting into rows with everybody." William McKinley, speech made October 4, 1892, Boston, Massachusetts, McKinley took his congressional seat in October 1877, when President Hayes summoned Congress into special session. [175] By 1900, with another campaign ahead and good economic conditions, McKinley urged Congress to pass such a law, and signed the Gold Standard Act on March 14, 1900, using a gold pen to do so. The Alaska Board of Geographic Names reverted the name of the mountain to Denali, its local appellation, in 1975. The new Republican dominance began the Fourth Party System that would end in 1932, another realigning election with the ascent of Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal coalition. Birth date: January 29, 1843. [101][103][104], Most Democratic newspapers refused to support Bryan, the major exception being the New York Journal, controlled by William Randolph Hearst, whose fortune was based on silver mines. How many brothers and sisters did Jimmy Carter have? The latter relationship broke off at the 1888 Republican National Convention, where McKinley, Foraker, and Hanna were all delegates supporting Sherman. How many siblings did Lyndon B. Johnson have? Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. How many siblings did James Weldon Johnson have? [24] The 23rd was in the thick of the fighting at Antietam, and McKinley came under heavy fire when bringing rations to the men on the line. Full text available online through academic libraries. The Republican Party sent its leading orators to Canton, including Blaine (then Secretary of State), Speaker Reed, and President Harrison. Yet McKinley remained devoted to her, and his unflagging attentiveness earned him additional admiration from the public. He was an honorary member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity. [174] In the absence of international agreement, McKinley favored legislation to formally affirm the gold standard, but was initially deterred by the silver strength in the Senate. He began working as a postal clerk and later took a job teaching at a school near Poland, Ohio. Who were William McKinley's siblings? How many siblings did Coretta Scott King have? He served in Congress from 1876 to 1890 and became a strong supporter of protective tariffs. [45] They were married on January 25, 1871, in the newly built First Presbyterian Church of Canton. [48] The case raised McKinley's standing among laborers, a crucial part of the Stark County electorate, and also introduced him to Hanna, who would become his strongest backer in years to come. )[71][72][d] McKinley won the 1891 election by some 20,000 votes;[73] the following January, Sherman, with considerable assistance from Hanna, turned back a challenge by Foraker to win the legislature's vote for another term in the US Senate. The railroads subsidized the visitors with low excursion ratesthe pro-silver Cleveland Plain Dealer disgustedly stated that going to Canton had been made "cheaper than staying at home". Did William McKinley have any siblings? The United States annexed the independent Republic of Hawaii in 1898 and it became a United States territory. "[100], McKinley made himself available to the public every day except Sunday, receiving delegations from the front porch of his home. [138], The expansion of the telegraph and the development of the telephone gave McKinley greater control over the day-to-day management of the war than previous presidents had enjoyed, and he used the new technologies to direct the army's and navy's movements as far as he was able. How many siblings did Thomas Jefferson have? [146], Meanwhile, in the Caribbean theater, a large force of regulars and volunteers gathered near Tampa, Florida, for an invasion of Cuba. He was succeeded by his vice president, the man Mark Hanna sneeringly referred to as that damned cowboy, Theodore Roosevelt. "[116], McKinley was sworn in as president on March 4, 1897, as his wife and mother looked on. William McKinley was born on January 29, 1843 in Niles, Ohio, the son of William McKinley, Sr., a pig iron manufacturer, and Nancy Allison McKinley. McKinley introduced and supported bills that raised protective tariffs, and opposed those that lowered them or imposed tariffs simply to raise revenue. The former governor, who remained in Canton, followed events at the convention closely by telephone, and was able to hear part of Foraker's speech nominating him over the line. [126], Chief Justice Melville Fuller swears in William McKinley as president; outgoing President Grover Cleveland at right, For decades, rebels in Cuba had waged an intermittent campaign for freedom from Spanish colonial rule. Platt lamented in his memoirs, "[Hanna] had the South practically solid before some of us awakened. How many children did William Howard Taft have? How many siblings did Franklin D. Roosevelt have? This article is about the president of the United States. The William McKinley Monument stands in front of the Ohio Statehouse in Columbus and a large marble statue of McKinley is situated at his birthplace in Niles. Served as President: 1897-1901 Vice President: Garret Hobart, Theodore Roosevelt Party: Republican Age at inauguration: 54 Born: January 29, 1843 in Niles, Ohio Died: September 14, 1901 after being shot in Buffalo, New York Married: Ida Saxton McKinley How many siblings does Barack Obama have? [110] By then, it was clear that public support for silver had receded, and McKinley began to emphasize the tariff issue. [198] On November 6, 1900, he was proven correct, winning the largest victory for any Republican since 1872. How many siblings did Frederick Banting have? How many siblings did William McKinley have? Many people who had suffered in the hard times sympathized with McKinley, whose popularity grew. Following his inauguration in 1901, McKinley left Washington for a tour of the western states, to be concluded with a speech at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York. How many siblings did John Wilkes Booth have? McKinley was the son of William McKinley, a manager of a charcoal furnace and a small-scale iron founder, and Nancy Allison. Brief Life History of William When President William McKinley was born on 29 January 1843, in Niles, Trumbull, Ohio, United States, his father, William McKinley Sr., was 35 and his mother, Nancy Campbell Allison, was 33. Other McKinley appointees who later became major figures include Day, whom Roosevelt elevated to the Supreme Court where he remained nearly 20 years, and William Howard Taft, whom McKinley had made Governor-General of the Philippines and who succeeded Roosevelt as president. His political efforts in Ohio were rewarded with the election in November 1895 of a Republican successor as governor, Asa Bushnell, and a Republican legislature that elected Foraker to the Senate. Although no declared Republican candidate opposed Harrison, many Republicans were ready to dump the president from the ticket if an alternative emerged. How many siblings did Ferdinand Magellan have? McKinley senior operated foundries throughout Ohio, in New Lisbon, Niles, Poland, and finally Canton. McKinley was drawn as a child, easily controlled by big business. Walter Dean Burnham, "The system of 1896: An analysis" in Paul Kleppner et al. Among the possible candidates spoken of were McKinley, Reed, and the aging Blaine. This desire to care for the less fortunate was characteristic of McKinley and was nowhere better illustrated than in his marriage. [122], In addition to Sherman, McKinley made one other ill-advised Cabinet appointment,[123] that of Secretary of War, which fell to Russell A. Alger, former general and Michigan governor. Although McKinley had not entered the war for territorial aggrandizement, he sided with the imperialists in supporting ratification, convinced that the United States had an obligation to assume responsibility for the welfare of an alien people.. When Blaine said he was not a candidate, Foraker returned to Sherman, but the nomination went to former Indiana senator Benjamin Harrison, who was elected president. [46] A second daughter, Ida, followed in 1873 but died the same year. He defeated his Democratic rival William Jennings Bryan after a front porch campaign in which he advocated "sound money" (the gold standard unless altered by international agreement) and promised that high tariffs would restore prosperity. [170] Hay was embarrassed by the rebuff and offered his resignation, but McKinley refused it and ordered him to continue negotiations to achieve the Senate's demands. As McKinley biographer Kevin Phillips notes, "No documents, no diaries, no confidential letters to Mark Hanna (or anyone else) contain his secret hopes or veiled stratagems. "[210][211] Relatives and friends gathered around the death bed. How many siblings did Herbert Hoover have? Another brother, Abner, is a prosperous business man of New York City. He presided over victory in the Spanish-American War of 1898; gained control of Hawaii, Puerto . How many brothers did George Washington have? There was a 10 year age gap between the siblings. [159], During the war, McKinley also pursued the annexation of the Republic of Hawaii. How many siblings did James Buchanan have? [77], President Harrison had proven unpopular; there were divisions even within the Republican party as the year 1892 began and Harrison began his re-election drive. How many siblings did Ulysses S. Grant have? Then, six days after the appearance of the Dupuy de Lme letter, the American battleship USS Maine suddenly exploded and sank as it sat anchored in Havana harbour, carrying 266 enlisted men and officers to their deaths. McKinley joined a Freemason lodge (later renamed after him) in Winchester, Virginia, before he and Carroll were transferred to Hancock's First Veterans Corps in Washington. Under McKinley, the United States became an empire. Nancy was born on March 8 1809, in nr. How many brothers did Ronald Reagan have? [50] Both were successful. How many children did James K. Polk have? They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. [36] Crook's capture added to the confusion as the army was reorganized for the spring campaign, and McKinley served on the staffs of four different generals over the next fifteen daysCrook, John D. Stevenson, Samuel S. Carroll, and Winfield S. William McKinley, (born January 29, 1843, Niles, Ohio, U.S.died September 14, 1901, Buffalo, New York), 25th president of the United States (18971901). With the War Department plagued by scandal, Alger resigned at McKinley's request in mid-1899. Bryan campaigned vigorously, traveling thousands of miles and delivering hundreds of speeches in support of an inflated currency that would help poor farmers and other debtors. How many kids did Theodore Roosevelt have? [170] The result under Roosevelt was the Panama Canal. The issue bitterly divided the Democratic Party; President Cleveland firmly supported the gold standard, but an increasing number of rural Democrats wanted silver, especially in the South and West. He was born to James S. McKinley and Mary Rose in Pine Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania, on November 15, 1807. [62], In 1889, with the Republicans in the majority, McKinley sought election as Speaker of the House. The speeches were carefully scripted to avoid extemporaneous remarks; even the spokesman's remarks were approved by McKinley or a representative. [95][96][97], The bad economic times had continued, and strengthened the hand of forces for free silver. [3] William McKinley having learned the iron business from his father managed a furnace near New Wilmington, PA. for twenty one years. In Canton, an equal number did the same at the Stark County Courthouse on September 18. McKinley supported Foraker for the Senate and Bushnell (who was of Foraker's faction) for governor; in return, the new senator-elect agreed to back McKinley's presidential ambitions. In the brief Spanish-American Wara splendid little war, in the words of Secretary of State John Haythe United States easily defeated Spanish forces in the Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico. Historians regard McKinley's 1896 victory as a realigning election in which the political stalemate of the post-Civil War era gave way to the Republican-dominated Fourth Party System, beginning with the Progressive Era. In an. Ida soon joined her husband's Methodist church. He intended the speech as a keynote to his plans for a second term. As a politician he led a realignment that made his Republican Party largely dominant in the industrial states and nationwide until the 1930s. [187] McKinley affirmed that the choice belonged to the convention, not to him. copyright 2003-2023 Homework.Study.com. Hobart, a wealthy lawyer, businessman, and former state legislator, was not widely known, but as Hanna biographer Herbert Croly pointed out, "if he did little to strengthen the ticket he did nothing to weaken it". [101][102] Delegations marched through the streets from the railroad station to McKinley's home on North Market Street. Find out more about his birthplace and early life in this lesson. [9], When the Southern states seceded from the Union and the American Civil War began, thousands of men in Ohio volunteered for service. The Ohioan guided the McKinley Tariff of 1890 through Congress; although McKinley's work was altered through the influence of special interests in the Senate, it imposed a number of protective tariffs on foreign goods. William McKinley was born on Jan. 29, 1843, in Niles, Ohio. A Republican, McKinley was the last president to have served in the American Civil War; he was the only one to begin his service as an enlisted man, and end as a brevet major. The McKinleys wanted all of their children to "rise above" [28] Following the rout, the Union forces destroyed Confederate supplies and skirmished with the enemy again successfully. Leech noted "the circuitous journey was a cruel ordeal for the woman who huddled in a compartment of the funeral train, praying that the Lord would take her with her Dearest Love. [190], When the Republican convention began in Philadelphia that June, no vice presidential candidate had overwhelming support, but Roosevelt had the broadest range of support from around the country. Twenty Ohio schools bear McKinley's name,[223] and several more schools in the United States are named McKinley School. [148] Shafter's army engaged the Spanish forces on July 2 in the Battle of San Juan Hill. "[216] The stock market, faced with sudden uncertainty, suffered a steep decline that went nearly unnoticed in the mourning. How many siblings did Ernest Hemingway have. [87], Hanna, on McKinley's behalf, met with the eastern Republican political bosses, such as Senators Thomas Platt of New York and Matthew Quay of Pennsylvania, who were willing to guarantee McKinley's nomination in exchange for promises regarding patronage and offices. 1843--1901 William McKinley, the 25th president of the United States, was born in Niles, Ohio on January 29, 1843. McKinley attended public school and in 1852 enrolled in the Poland Seminary. [220] She died only months before the completion of the large marble monument to her husband in Canton, which was dedicated by President Roosevelt on September 30, 1907. In that case, he would almost certainly die, since drugs to control infection did not exist [Prominent New York City physician] Dr. McBurney was by far the worst offender in showering sanguine assurances on the correspondents. As part of the peace settlement, Spain turned over to the United States its main overseas colonies of Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines while Cuba was promised independence, but at that time remained under the control of the United States Army. How many siblings did Garrett Morgan have? Combat began early in May and ended with an armistice in mid-August. His father, William McKinley Sr. ran a humble iron foundry in Niles, Ohio. The new president made little effort to secure the trade reciprocity that McKinley had intended to negotiate with other nations. [130][131], In January 1898, Spain promised some concessions to the rebels, but when American consul Fitzhugh Lee reported riots in Havana, McKinley agreed to send the battleship USS Maine. David Allison McKinley ws 63 years of age, having been born in 1829 in Canton, Ohoi, and was the eldest of a family of five children, one daughter and four sons, the most distinguished of whom is Governor William McKinley of Ohio, the author of the McKinley bill. More than 50,000 admirers attended his exposition speech, in which the leader who had been so closely identified with protectionism now sounded the call for commercial reciprocity among nations: By sensible trade arrangements which will not interrupt our home production, we shall extend the outlets for our increasing surplus. His 1890 McKinley Tariff was highly controversial and, together with a Democratic redistricting aimed at gerrymandering him out of office, led to his defeat in the Democratic landslide of 1890. By 1886, McKinley, Senator John Sherman, and Governor Joseph B. Foraker were considered the leaders of the Republican party in Ohio. He lived there until age ten, when he moved with his family to nearby Poland, Ohio. Eighteen years old at the start of the Civil War, McKinley enlisted in an Ohio regiment under the command of Rutherford B. Hayes, later the 19th president of the United States (187781). Under McKinleys leadership, the United States went to war against Spain in 1898 and thereby acquired a global empire, which included Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. [3] The McKinley household was, like many from Ohio's Western Reserve, steeped in Whiggish and abolitionist sentiment, the latter based on the family's staunch Methodist beliefs. McKinley sought guidance in these matters from two . William had 19 siblings: Elizabeth Ann Campbel (born McKinley), David Josiah McKinley and 17 other siblings. [53] The young congressman broke with Hayes on the question of the currency, but it did not affect their friendship. [80] The total owed was over $100,000 (equivalent to $3million in 2021) and a despairing McKinley initially proposed to resign as governor and earn the money as an attorney. [113][114] The voting patterns established then displaced the near-deadlock the major parties had seen since the Civil War in the Third Party System. Cortelyou, who served in three Cabinet positions under Theodore Roosevelt, became a combination press secretary and chief of staff to McKinley. [223], McKinley's biographer H. Wayne Morgan remarks that McKinley died the most beloved president in history. All of the couple's property was returned to them by the end of 1893, and when McKinley, who had promised eventual repayment, asked for the list of contributors, it was refused him. Spain agreed to most of McKinleys demands but balked at giving up its last major New World colony. He also studied at Mount Union College in Alliance, Ohio, as a board member. [14], After a month of training, McKinley and the 23rd Ohio, now led by Colonel Eliakim P. Scammon, set out for western Virginia (today part of West Virginia) in July 1861 as a part of the Kanawha Division. [13] Delays in issuance of uniforms and weapons again brought the men into conflict with their officers, but Major Rutherford B. Hayes convinced them to accept what the government had issued them; his style in dealing with the men impressed McKinley, beginning an association and friendship that would last until Hayes's death in 1893. [7] He remained at Allegheny for one year, returning home in 1860 after becoming ill and depressed. By evening, McKinley too knew he was dying, "It is useless, gentlemen. Some political scientists, such as David Mayhew, questioned whether the 1896 election truly represented a realignment, thereby placing in issue whether McKinley deserves credit for it. How many siblings does Jimmy Carter have? [24] McKinley's regiment was detached from the Army of the Potomac and returned by train to western Virginia. How many siblings did Eleanor Roosevelt have? Reelection in 1900. [19] McKinley spent the winter substituting for a commissary sergeant who was ill, and in April 1862 he was promoted to that rank. [208], It is difficult to interpret the optimism with which the President's physicians looked for his recovery. He had managed to get close to the presidential podium, but did not fire, uncertain of hitting his target. We enjoyed it as much as he did. [206] McKinley was taken to the exposition aid station, where the doctor was unable to locate the second bullet. Unknown to the doctors, gangrene was growing on the walls of McKinley's stomach and slowly poisoning his blood. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. [48], McKinley's good standing with labor became useful that year as he campaigned for the Republican nomination for Ohio's 17th congressional district. New Lisbon, Columbiana Co., OH. [44] The county was closely divided between Democrats and Republicans, but Hayes carried it that year in his statewide victory. [105] Even today, these depictions still color the images of Hanna and McKinley: one as a heartless businessman, the other as a creature of Hanna and others of his ilk.[106]. [153], McKinley's cabinet agreed with him that Spain must leave Cuba and Puerto Rico, but they disagreed on the Philippines, with some wishing to annex the entire archipelago and some wishing only to retain a naval base in the area. [203][204], A man in the crowd named Leon Czolgosz hoped to assassinate McKinley. [44] In 1869, McKinley ran for the office of prosecuting attorney of Stark County, an office that had historically been held by Democrats, and was unexpectedly elected. How many siblings did James Madison have? In 1876, McKinley was elected to Congress, where he became the Republican expert on the protective tariff, which he promised would bring prosperity.
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