That this occurred also among Muslims is shown by the following hadith: Various hadith define legal intercourse (for purity purposes) 2.1.5 When the Circumcised Parts Touch Each Other 2.2 Hadith: The Sahabah (the Companions of Muhammad) 2.2.1 One Who Circumcises Other Ladies 2.2.2 In Bukhari's al-Adab al-Mufrad 2.2.2.1 Someone to Amuse Them 2.2.2.2 Go and Circumcise Them and Purify Them 3 FGM in the Qur'an 4 FGM and the Schools of Islamic Law 4.1 Maliki Madhab 4.2 Hanafi Madhab 'Uthman said, 'Go and circumcise them and purify them. Which type(s) of circumcision is/are valid by the Islamic rules? him and grant him peace, said, "Ibrahim, may Allah bless him and grant he had a large head of hair. were to kiss his wife and no emission were to occur from that, he would only Page 147. According to some scholars this interpretation is incorrect, as the Islamic use of terminology is restricted to male circumcision. The issue of female circumcision is very contentious. those from hot climates and those from cold climates. Abu Yala narrated that Ali ibn Rabah said: Ibrahim was commanded to circumcise himself, so he circumcised himself with an adze and it was very painful for him. Circumcision is mandatory for Muslims based on tradition, This is the opinion of many scholars. Shaykh Ibn Uthaymin (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The most correct view is that it is obligatory in the case of men and Sunnah in the case of women. With regard to the wisdom behind the circumcision of women , it is to regulate their desire so it will be moderate. [58] The Hanafi and Hanbali schools of Islamic jurisprudence view it as makruma for women ("noble", as opposed to obligatory). [11] The Quran does not mention FGM or male circumcision. Ab Hurayra, one of the companions of Muhammad, was quoted saying: "five things are fitra: circumcision, shaving pubic hair with a razor, trimming the mustache, paring one's nails and plucking the hair from one's armpits" (reported in the adth of Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim). Hadith 1: English translation : Book 53, Hadith 1244: Arabic reference : Book 1, Hadith 1244 Female Genital Mutilation in Islam: What Does the Qur'an and Hadith of it, but rather a part of it. hadeeth was classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh Abi Dawood. For the majority of Muslims, circumcision is seen as an introduction to the Islamic faith and a sign of belonging. When a man sits between the four parts (arms and legs of his wife) and the 1935. For example swore~ would result in swore, snore, score, etc. ", Bilal ibn Ka'b al-'Ukki said, "We - Ibrahim ibn Adham, 'Abdu'l-'Aziz Al-Haafiz Then he lived eighty [74], Shiite religious texts, such as the hadith transmitted by Al-Sadiq, indicate circumcision is only required for men. In the case of a woman, it means cutting the skin that looks like the comb of a rooster at the top of the vagina, between the two labia; if it is cut the base of it should be left like a date pit. Create your own unique website with customizable templates. [68][69] Over 80 percent of Malaysian women claim religious obligation as the primary reason for practising FGM, along with hygiene (41 percent) and cultural practice (32 percent). In Malaysia, for example, the operation is a puberty rite that separates the boy from childhood and introduces him to adulthood. Is there any evidence, such as a sahih hadeeth, that states that the prophet of Allah (Blessings and peace be upon him) had or allowed his wives and/or daughters to be circumcised in any shape or form?. which is situated above the opening of the urethra. For example swore~ would result in swore, snore, score, etc. If, In fact studying all these chains of narrators benefits a student of the science of hadith by introducing more than 30 problematic and weak narrators of hadith to him/her who are all over these chains of narrators. emission if it is the result of bodily contact. Circumcision of both men and women is presupposed. The one who is uncircumcised is called aghlaf or aqlaf. (this is called HufaaD).". swore~ Circumcision is a Sunnah (obligation) for men, honour for women This hadith is not reported in the more reliable books of hadith of Bukhari and Muslim and is not even included in Mu'atta of Imam Malik. 1981:35, Al-Kalini, Abu-Ja'afar Muhammad Ibn-Yaqub. Imam Ahmad said: Ibn 'Abbas was very strict on this matter, and it was narrated that there is no Hajj and no prayer for him, i.e., if a person is not circumcised his Hajj and prayer are not valid. Rizvi et al. Views : al-Bayhaqi in al-Shuab from Umm Atiyyah al-Ansaariyyah that a woman [63] A hadith in Sahih Bukhari says: "I heard the Prophet saying. But it's not true that it's an old Arabic custom, because there are hieroglyphics in Egypt showing that ancient Egyptians use to practice circumcision. [8][9][10][11], The Quran itself does not mention circumcision explicitly in any verse. It is also made necessary by an It is mustahabb to circumcise females provided that is not done in an extreme manner. [1][16], Some adth reports mention circumcision in a list of practices known as fitra[1] (acts considered to be of a refined person). al-Filistini) in his village. It was narrated by Abu Dawood (5271), al-Tabaraani in al-Awsat, and Boolean Operators e.g. None of the chains of narrators of this hadith are defect-less. It is also used to describe the site of the circumcision, as in the hadith, "When the two circumcised parts (al-khitanan) meet, ghusl becomes obligatory." In the case of a female the word used is khafad. before Islam, and the lady who performed these kinds of surgery was he was fasting and he broke his fast.' but it is not mentioned in the Qur'an itself. (Book 20, Number 20.46.161). Supporters of circumcision also argue that excrements may collect under the foreskin which may lead to fatal diseases such as cancer. Al-Bukhaari narrated that he (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) advised a For men it consists of removing the prepuce from the penis, and for women, five things or five things are part of the fitrah circumcision, shaving Wildcards e.g. Circumcision was also practised by past prophets. Some Muslims see circumcision as a preventive measure against infection and diseases. "[35] Type III FGM became linked to slavery. explanation of the Islamic reasons for (male) circumcision. Yahya said, 'We had a man with the kunya of Abu were circumcised, 'A'isha was asked, "Shall we call someone to amuse them?" [57], The various schools of Islamic jurisprudence have expressed differing views on FGM. as to whether it is obligatory or mustahabb. Another hadith attributed to Muhammad states: "the earth cries out to God in anguish because of the urine of the uncircumcised", and that "the earth becomes defiled from the urine of the uncircumcised for forty days". "Yes," she replied. circumcisions in Madinah. Fuzzy Search e.g. ", "Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A Global Concern", "Ending Footbinding and Infibulation: A Convention Account", "Fresh progress toward the elimination of female genital mutilation and cutting in Egypt", "Egypt Officials Ban Female Circumcision", Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, "Circumcision - Does the Qur'an Approve it? however, he had intercourse with his wife after he stoned the Jamra, Finds terms that are similar in spelling. Hindu Javanese: Tengger Tradition and Islam. Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani describes this hadith as poor in authenticity, and quotes Ahmad Bayhaqi's opinion that it is "poor, with a broken chain of transmission". like to point out here that it has medical benefits to which attention edited and translated by Nuh Ha Mim Keller, Revised Edition 1994, p. 59; The scholars' opinions cited above should be sufficient. (A: Hanbalis hold that circumcision of women [48][49] FGM is praised in a few hadith (sayings attributed to Muhammad) as noble but not required,[50] though the authenticity of these hadith has been questioned. well-formed?' peace, was circumcised when he was 120 years old. (Imam) Ahmad said: [2] Amongst Muslim legal scholars (Ulama), there are differing opinions about the compulsory or non-obligatory status of circumcision in accordance with the Islamic law (shara). Circumcision - Al-Adab Al-Mufrad - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allah have mercy on him) was asked about whether women should be circumcised or not. The only Jewish group known to have practised FGM are the Beta Israel of Ethiopia. It is absent from Confucian traditions. 'Uff!' According to Sayyid Sabiq, the author of Fiqh-us-Sunnah, all hadiths concerning female circumcision are non-authentic. FGM as a practice is nearly universally unknown among the orthodox Shia Muslims. Allah's Messenger () said "The Prophet) Abraham circumcised himself after [42] In Arabic, the practice is referred to as khaf (Arabic: ) or khifa (Arabic: ). The preferred age is often seven although some Muslims are circumcised as early as the seventh day after birth and as late as puberty. [21] This page was last edited on 26 April 2023, at 13:40. the armpits, and using the siwak (arak stick for cleaning the teeth).". [84], Sikhism does not require circumcision of either males or females, and criticizes the practice. 'Yes,' I replied. used this phrase as a chapter heading. "Khitaan" in Arabic means the act of circumcising or being circumcised. This hadith suggests that both male and female circumcision was recognized by the Prophet. "[55] Ekmeleddin hsanolu, Secretary-General of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation said in 2012 that FGM was "a ritual that has survived over centuries and must be stopped as Islam does not support it". removing the prepuce (Ar. Religious views on female genital mutilation - Wikipedia For example test* would result in test, tester, testers, etc. So it is permissible to pay money for it, like all other permissible actions. (Al-Mughni, 5/314), Source: For men it consists of removing the prepuce from the penis, and for women, removing the prepuce (Ar. [7][24], Despite its common practice in Muslim-majority nations, circumcision is considered to be sunnah (tradition) and not required for a life directed by Allah. [2] Muslims are currently the largest single religious group in which the practice is widespread,[3][6] although circumcision is never mentioned in the Quran itself but is mentioned in the adth literature and sunnah (accounts of the sayings and living habits attributed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad during his lifetime). cutting; that is better for the woman and more liked by the husband. This What does Islam say about female circumcision? The Sunnah is not to cut all a group of the Companions of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant [3] The preferred age is usually seven, although some Muslims are circumcised as early as on the seventh day after birth and as late as at the commencement of puberty. parts, even if there is no emission. For men it is more strictly required, but for women it is less strictly required." It involves the cutting of the outer portion of the clitoris. [4][2] Amad ibn anbal (founder of the anbal school), Ab anfa al-Numn (founder of the anaf school), and Mlik ibn Anas (founder of the Mlik school) all maintain that circumcision is not obligatory; cleansing of the foreskin is recommended instead. In this book he wrote an extensive chapter in which he spoke of circumcision and the rulings thereon . Question: Is female circumcision obligatory or is tradition and merely recommended?Answer: If the purpose of female genital circumcision is cutting clitoris this operation is not right and is not a religious tradition. Finds terms that are similar in spelling. it." swore~ [6][15] Some adth report that Heraclius, Emperor of the Byzantine Empire, had referred to Muhammad as "the king of the circumcised". It is most likely that what is referred to in the hadith is the tool. [76] According to a 20152016 survey, over 80 percent of 365 Dawoodi Bohra women surveyed wanted the practice to end. should be paid, regardless of the difference of opinion among the scholars hadith - Are these sources reliable and authentic for Female Create an account, If you do not have an account, you can click the button below to create one, Create new account [30], Islamic scriptures do not fix a particular time for circumcision. which they have spoiled, and then return home when they have finished. )", (Source: Reliance of the Traveller, According to reporter Mariz Tadros, they "offered to circumcise women for a nominal fee as part of their community services, a move that threatens to reverse decades of local struggle against the harmful practice. sacrificed a ram on our behalf. She asked, 'Was he created [2][3][4][7] Therefore, there is a wide variation in practice among Muslim communities around the world, with children often being circumcised in late childhood or early adolescence. We do not know of any difference of opinion on this matter, because it is doing something that is needed and which is allowed in shariah. "Five practices are characteristics of the Fitra: circumcision, shaving the pubic hair, cutting the moustaches short, clipping the nails, and depilating the hair of the armpits." (Bukhari, Muslim). [3] It depends on family, region, and country. know of any hadeeth in which the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah she exclaimed, 'A shaytan! Haworth, Abigail (17 November 2012). circumcised parts meet. Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he was in this mosque In 2004, after CNN broadcast images of a girl in Cairo undergoing FGM, then Grand Mufti of Egypt Muhammad Sayyid Tantawi declared that hadiths on FGM were unreliable. Retrieved 16 April 2017. Circumcision in Islam: Compulsory? - Islam Question & Answer - IslamQA.info ibn Hajar (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: What is meant by this [36], The Bible does not mention FGM. [20][83] The Beta Israel were not familiar with the Talmud, the Mishnah, and other religious scripture, and read and spoke little or no Hebrew. [72] In 2013 the Indonesian Ulema Council, Indonesia's top Muslim clerical body, ruled that it favours FGM, stating that although it is not mandatory, it is "morally recommended". with his wife while in ihram who has sent a message to Madina asking about Al-Mawsooah al-Fiqhiyyah (19/28). Mid-day.com. Muslims are still the largest single religious group to circumcise boys. Said said, "There is a man who has had intercourse The term he used for both was khitan. [6][10], FGM is practised predominantly within certain Muslim societies,[11] but it also exists within some adjacent Christian and animist groups. after he had come down from Arafa but before he had stoned the Jamra, Matches any set of one or more characters. Circumcision is the Sunnah of Prophet Ibrahim and the prophets after him. Circumcision is not compulsory in Islam but it is an important ritual aimed at improving cleanliness. FGM is performed within the Dawoodi Bohra community in India, Pakistan, Yemen and East Africa. What is the right age for circumcision? - Islam Stack Exchange Arabic; 1 "Circumcision is obligatory (for every male and female) (by cutting off the piece of skin on the glans of the penis of the male, but circumcision of the female is by cutting out the bazr 'clitoris' [this is called khufaadh 'female circumcision'])." 'Umdat al-Salik e4.3, obligatory for them. "Religious Circumcision: A Muslim View". ", Anas said, "On the day he was born, I took 'Abdullah ibn Abi Talha Could you tell us what circumcision is and how and where it is done? [8] There is an ongoing debate about the extent to which the practice's continuation is influenced by custom, social pressure, lack of health-care information, and the position of women in society. "The day I saw 248 girls suffering genital mutilation", The Guardian. Create an account, If you do not have an account, you can click the button below to create one, Create new account [CDATA[ The circumciser is not required to be a Muslim but he must be medically trained. that the above translation of the Manual of Shafi'i jurisprudence (fiqh) '", Salim said, "Ibn 'Umar, Nu'aym and I were circumcised and they 'Uthman offered us Islam, but only myself and one other girl accepted Islam. 1935. O: excerpt from the commentary of Sheikh 'Umar Barakat), The Muslim site Islam Q&A gives a 'A'isha passed 3 pg. Wildcards e.g. [54][55] Ali Gomaa, then Grand Mufti of Egypt, stated: "It's prohibited, prohibited, prohibited. Muslim (527) from Abu Hurayrah (may Allaah be pleased with him): I heard the Is there a Hadith which specifically mentions female circumcision? of it, but only a part. bazr) of the clitoris (Shaykh Nuh Keller: not the clitoris itself, as some mistakenly assert)." A hadith with similar wording is quoted, attributed to Usama al-Huthali, who directly quotes the Prophet (pbuh) as saying: "Circumcision is a sunna for men and a sign of respect for women". February 2017. general Is there any saheeh hadeeth about the circumcision of females? Both Jews and Muslims legislate circumcision, a commandment that originated with the Prophet Ibrahim , the first to practice circumcision in accordance with the divine directive. Get him out! This is the view of Imam Ahmad (may Allah have mercy on him). [85], Several animist groups in Africa, particularly Guinea and Mali, practise it. "Mauritania fatwa bans female genital mutilation", BBC News, 18 January 2010. [21][6] In 1990 the IAC began referring to it as female genital mutilation, as did the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1991. "He must sacrifice an animal and do hajj again in another year. Male and Female Circumcision: Medical, Legal and Ethical Considerations in Pediatric Practice. of the clitoris will vary from woman to woman, and there may be differences between (al-Mawsuah al-Fiqhiyyah 19/28). [65], According to William Clarence-Smith, Islamic Southeast Asia "overwhelmingly" follows the Shafi`i school of law, the only one to make FGM obligatory. of Kaskar who had become Muslim and examined them and then commanded that said, 'Do you have any dates with you?' Circumcision for women is not obligatory - Islam Question & Answer Fuzzy Search e.g. by the room and saw him singing and shaking his head in rapture - and BBC - Religions - Islam: Circumcision of boys Greeks and Abyssinians became Muslim with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah Circumcision - - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of This page is best viewed in an up-to-date web browser with style sheets (CSS) enabled. [31], Due to the dual gender use of the word khitan in Arabic, female genital mutilation (FGM) is sometimes referred to as khitan by its proponents in an effort to seek justification for the practice in Islamic scriptures. For example test* would result in test, tester, testers, etc. [53] After a 12-year-old Egyptian girl died during an FGM procedure in 2007, the Al-Azhar Supreme Council of Islamic Research in Cairo ruled, according to UNICEF, that FGM had "no basis in core Islamic law or any of its partial provisions and that it is harmful and should not be practiced". Islam Q&A, You can ask your question on the website via this link: https://islamqa.info/en/ask, Password should contain small, capital letter and at least 8 characters long, Log in for the hajj that they spoiled, and they should keep apart until they have Yusuf ibn Abd-al-Barr commented: "Those who consider (female) circumcision a sunna, use as evidence this hadith of Abu al-Malih, which is based solely on the evidence of Hajjaj ibn Artaa, who cannot be admitted as an authority when he is the sole transmitter. W. La Barre, The Ghost Dance, London, 1972, Volume II of al-Hayawan by Jahiz, ed. but circumcision of the female is by cutting out the clitoris Geneva: World Health Organization. [45] In a reported narration Muhammad made female genital cutting optional, but he warned against harming women. [2] Some Salafis have argued that circumcision is required in Islam to provide ritual cleanliness based on the covenant with Abraham, while the purpose of female circumcision for Muslim women is to "regulate" and reduce their sexual desires. [22], FGM is found mostly within and adjacent to Muslim communities. The one who is uncircumcised is called aghlaf or aqlaf. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 28(1), pp. [2][12] This has also been attested by the classical Muslim scholar al-Ji,[7][13] as well as by the Roman-Jewish historian Flavius Josephus. I wanted to perform Nikah with a christian girl. I think that we were more happy about it The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'The Ansar love dates,' and Questions cannot be asked through this form, Natural character and instinct of the human creation. Fuzzy Search e.g. "[28] Another narration from Jafar al-diq, the 6th Shte Imam, says: "Circumcise your sons when they are seven days old as it is cleaner (athar) and the flesh grows faster and because the earth hates the urine of the uncircumcised. : : : ., : : : : : ., : : : ., : : : : . : ., : : : : ., : : : : : ., : : ., : : : : : : ., : : ., : : : : ., : : : : : : ., : : : : : : : ., : : : : : : : ., : : : : : ., : : : ..
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