endobj Depending on the scope of the problem, and its nature of representation, traditional counseling approaches promote the active involvement of the family and community in problem identification, resolution, and management. /Type /Page The history of witchcraft, spirit possession, and experiences of extrasensory perception, is old and deep-rooted, and part of the African culture [18]. For instance, ritualistic actions may include church attendance, initiation, marriage, birth, death, and spiritual healing, including the act of sex. Traditional healers use magic in a broad context. endobj You wont need to give your name. As such some scholars argue that online counseling should not replace traditional therapy but rather be used when necessary bearing in mind that not all cases can be handled via e-counseling [8]. Through this process, the structure of society is confirmed, sustained, and perpetuated from one successive generation to another. /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] endobj << /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] The primary aim of counseling is to help people with concerns to reflect on their changed situation, identify possible solutions, and develop action plans to resolve those presenting problems, so that they can continue living resourcefully for personal development and satisfaction. << 8 0 obj << To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. The current practice focuses on seclusion for shorter periods, as opposed to the olden practice which favors longer periods. h$K0O1kF-T|J TxR6FA9 5sS}/KZ;ej9\+eXv32]sN%+ tR 35 0 obj This administrative structure underscores the importance of not only the management functions of villages and zones in a chiefdom, but also the levels at which traditional counseling is offered. And Cons Of Integrative Counseling The traditional counseling process is largely influenced by traditional counselor competences which are fourfold. /FontName /AALBCM+Sentinel-Book /XHeight 453 /Type /Page Advantages and Disadvantages of Quantum Cryptography. Traditional medicine is shrouded in ritualistic observance and practice. Young people in adolescence are regarded as adults, capable of marrying or being married and bearing children. /Differences [ 32 /space 40 /parenleft /parenright 44 /comma /hyphen /period 48 /zero /one /two /three /four /five /six /seven /eight /nine /colon 65 /A /B /C /D /E 72 /H /I 75 /K /L 78 /N 80 /P 82 /R /S /T /U 97 /a /b /c /d /e /f /g /h /i 107 /k /l /m /n /o /p 114 /r /s /t /u /v /w 121 /y 169 /copyright ] 2020 The Author(s). Children are the adornment of a home, an investment for the couple, and the lineage of the family. This is the penultimate initiation ceremony, at puberty; the onset of adolescence. Traditional counseling is beset by cultural nuances: it takes place in the local environment, it is offered by the local people, it reflects a mirror of the society in which it is offered, and it has always been part of the human experience since ancient times. Advantage: One of the most commonly discussed advantages of online counseling is the sheer convenience of the platform. /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] Convenient and secure online therapy from the comfort of your home, Psychiatric treatment from a licensed prescriber, Relationship-centered therapy that connects you and your partner, Specialized online therapy for ages 13-17. Some of the issues that multiculturalism set out to address, although primarily referenced in the Euro-American context, have some relevance to the African context as well. /FontDescriptor 39 0 R /Resources 72 0 R During the wedding ceremony, the ritual performances integrate traditional, religious, and cultural aspects whose focus is on emphasizing the oneness of the couple as a unitary entity, and as a vehicle for bearing children. WebEven with the emergence of modern Guidance and Counselling, Traditional guidance and Counselling still plays a vital role in society. /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] Here are four advantages of online therapy that Quintin says you just cant beat: 1) Greater selection of therapists. The problem is she cant take new clients at the moment. The advantages are: i) Affordability - it is way cheaper compared to traditional therapists visits which on average cost $60 per hour. /Parent 1 0 R A general understanding to be drawn from the foregoing fundamental assumptions of multiculturalism can be explained twofold. In dealing with an individual client, or group of clients, the traditional counselor involves the family or community during the traditional counseling process. By Livingstone Malinge Gqeba and Nokuzola Gloria Gqeba. Investors 17 0 obj 23 0 obj /Kids [ 4 0 R 5 0 R 6 0 R 7 0 R 8 0 R 9 0 R 10 0 R 11 0 R 12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R 18 0 R 19 0 R 20 0 R 21 0 R 22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R 33 0 R ] >> Traditional counseling is not only dependent on clear communication, but also on effective communication from the counselor to the client. 9 0 obj Most people globally practice some forms of traditional counseling, based on their sociocultural context, and the nature of presenting problems. They might not be willing to adjust to online therapy. /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] It is perceived a symbol of their maturation to womanhood, motherhood and adulthood. It is contextualistic in orientation, because personal conduct can only be understood in the context within which it takes place. Most counseling theories have tended to focus on the individual, giving minimal attention to contextual issues and sociocultural values, customs and practices. All they require is a method of payment and email. Thats what therapists need to do to have an office. stream /Rotate 0 The person understands how to take his life forward and how to involve himself in other people. WebTraditional counselling applies indigenous forms of helping people experiencing various problem situations, and those that wish to make a transitional commitment, such as initiation at puberty, or marriage, or are aggrieved through loss of a beloved one, due to These avenues are important, not only for sustainable social integration and the perpetuation of cultural identity, for the common good of the society and individual wellbeing, but also for the practice of traditional forms of counseling, at the various levels of contact. Online therapy networks have matching algorithms and specialists who take a few minutes to pair you with a therapist who fits your search queries. When viewed from the perspective that indigenous knowledge has cultural implications and that all counseling is influenced by the cultural context, it is safe to conclude that traditional counseling approaches are rooted in traditional systems of knowledge and sociocultural values, customs and practices; they are essentially community-based and multicultural in nature; and they are routinely offered within a culturally acceptable environment by the local people [28]. Pubertal initiation rituals are very important and significant to African cultures and societies. Shes booked, maybe for months. /Type /Page The occurrence or experience of ancestral spirits results in spiritual trance and demon possession. /Rotate 0 >> endobj When behavior changes are disconcerting, especially during pubescence and senescence, for instance, they affect attitudes toward the changes unfavorably. /FontStretch /Normal The effects of globalization, acculturation and social integration all bear testimony to this observation. Online counseling Closely linked to the issue of witchcraft is the aspect of places of power, and land shrines which are permanent features of the landscape and regarded as inherently sacred, or as the source of spiritual power. The zone is a second tier in the administration hierarchy, just below the Chiefs council. The online vs. traditional therapy debate is on! Prozac vs. Zoloft: Whats the Difference? Counseling may have the following advantages: Peace of mind Counseling changes ones thoughts and brings peace of mind. Counsellors are not 26 0 obj Multiculturalism recognizes the multiplicity of subcultures which differentiate, for instance, one tribal grouping or clan from another, and one society from another. This process not only empowers young people with relevant attitudes and knowledge, but also enhances their social competences and skills to handle similar issues when they grow into adulthood as valuable members of the community. The implication of these observations is that traditional healers combine their practice of healing with adherence counseling through the provision of primary health care in both rural and urban communities. >> Disadvantages Cultural identity development is a major determinant of individual attitudes toward the self, the same group, and different groups, and its effectiveness is most likely to be enhanced when the counselor uses modalities and defines goals which are consistent with the life experiences and cultural values of the client. Open Access is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. Values represent the base upon which a person builds a satisfactory personal existence (age, geographical area, generation); they are crystallized through social models and personal experiences (cultural, professional, societal), and they represent the fundamental or universal paradigms, such as autonomy, equality, liberty, solidarity, freedom, justice, and fairness [6]. Even with health insurance coverage, traditional therapy costs an average $75-150 per session (usually 45-60 minutes). >> They are given in the context of a patients culture, beliefs, and values, as well as within the confines of his expectations and aspirations. Depression test /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] Clients are willing to pay much more for in-office therapy than online therapy. In discharging this shepherding function, they play a dual role, namely, the ecumenical or spiritual function, which involves caring for people from a biblical context, and the pastoral counseling function which involves caring for people from a human relations context. An overarching theme in most of these advantages is communication, expressing emotions, changing dysfunctional paternal and dealing with major life /BaseFont /AALBCM+Sentinel-Book 40 0 obj The theoretical framework of traditional counseling represents a newer worldview that may influence counseling styles applied by counselors, psychotherapists and psychologists of divergent training and educational backgrounds. The Cost of an Office Sometimes to make a lot of money, you need to spend a lot of money. /Parent 1 0 R Culture refers to a general process of intellectual, spiritual, and esthetic development; a particular way of life, whether of a people, a period, or a group; or the works and practices of intellectual and artistic activity [12]. /Parent 1 0 R /Parent 1 0 R endobj This is intended to protect the child from bewitchment, evil spirits, bad luck, or physical illness. An elaboration of the various modern counseling models and orientations is outside the scope of this chapter. /Contents 95 0 R /Contents 89 0 R Between these two broad schools of counseling stem derivative approaches, such as adolescent counseling, careers counseling, child counseling, couples counseling, and psychosocial counseling. /Type /Page /Contents 97 0 R /Parent 1 0 R 22 0 obj Ruminate on how each pro and con meshes with your preferences and needs. Its an issue of preference as well. Counselling Therapeutic Approaches; Advantages and Disadvantages This collectivist orientation ensures that the desired behavioral and attitudinal change not only benefits the affected individual, couple, or family, but also the community as a whole. 2 0 obj endobj Traditional healers provide affordable and accessible primary health care that is culturally appropriate and traditionally convenient. >> << /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] /StemV 0 It offers different approaches to the world, because each perspective captures a differently valid approach, and defends a rational sense for language rather than just a representational one, because language has a high correlation with culture and the perception of reality. /Type /Font Edited by Learning New Skills and Building Your Career. These broad and inclusive descriptions of culture suggest that there are variable factors which define a peoples culture, which are learned, assimilated, and integrated, over time. Witchcraft is closely linked to magic and sorcery, and sorcery is a form of destructive magic. /Parent 1 0 R You might need to ask your supervisor for time off. /Contents 122 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] /Contents 105 0 R /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] Counselling, on average, requires a substantial amount of time, before the patient can actually feel its effects. This poses a big problem, as it is common occurrence for patients attending counselling, to get impatient and lose faith in the counselling process and stop returning to counselling. This would leave the patients problems unattended. At the premarital stage, the focus is on the dos and donts of married life, family responsibility, and parentingmore of an induction process to enhance social competences and skills in readiness for marriage. Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn citations and find new collaborators, meaning more people see your work not only from your own field of study, but from other related fields too. Society exists, and exerts credence, where people behave and interact with one another based on mutual recognition, acceptance, and respect, and culture plays a significant role in the sphere of social life, as it is central to the development of any human society [4]. At village level, the village committee constitutes the third tier in the hierarchy. The performance of rituals ought to be viewed as an important cultural norm and traditional practice. /Resources 59 0 R /OP false These reflect the period, circumstance and cultural factors surrounding a particular generation or human society, which acts as a reference point. Practicing psychotherapy in an office is no exception. /F1 37 0 R It stresses the importance of multiple counseling roles developed by many culturally different human groups and societies. /Font << Clients are late or cancel, health insurance reps put you on hold, there are awkward gaps in your schedule or maybe your caseload isnt full at the moment. /Rotate 0 This yields the notion of totems and rituals, ancestral religion and customs, and special shrines which serve as places of intimate personal memory and repositories of traditional knowledge, although ritual practices are much more diverse and fluid. The evolutionary history of natural selection is anchored on developmental issues through life, such as transition changes and adaptation. Witchcraft is an enduring belief and occurs throughout central and southern Africa, among rural and urban populations alike. UNITED KINGDOM. /FontFile3 40 0 R In expressing this interdependence, most people resort to religious gatherings as a form of maintaining communication and communion with the heavens above. /BG2 /Default It also enhances their ability to perpetuate traditional systems of knowledge and sociocultural values, customs and practices over successive generations for the common good of society. If the thought of meeting someone in-person or seeing them face-to-face for the first time makes you nervous, online therapy is for you. Traditional counseling involves a broad perspective that enhances learning for transformation and integration of sociocultural values that are peculiar to each human society. Understanding the sociocultural context of a clients behavior and belief system is an essential psychological ingredient for the accurate assessment, amelioration, and management of problem situations presented by clients. Professional counselor means a person who practices counseling as defined in 54.1-3500.. Counseling means one or more consultations as May be too much homework for some families (journaling, thought recording). /Parent 1 0 R It is plausible to postulate that both natural spirits and ancestral spirits are important factors in the etiology of human disease causation and the practice of traditional herbal medicine. /Widths [ 178 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 361 361 500 500 214 366 214 500 558 448 545 523 554 514 532 521 532 532 218 500 500 500 500 500 500 672 628 675 704 657 500 500 772 384 500 717 606 500 767 500 609 500 677 572 670 734 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 483 526 472 535 476 334 469 556 300 500 522 284 839 568 512 539 500 405 433 350 551 494 752 500 489 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 787 ] /Contents 87 0 R /Resources 90 0 R /Resources 119 0 R Through counselling a patient gets to learn other peoples views on the issue and on life. That helps them to understand the thoughts and feelings that were troubling them and finally look at experiences (past or present) and life, in a different light. Unlike physical injuries it is very hard for a patient to realise if they are actually healing. /Contents 69 0 R The universal experience suggests that all human beings are products of their own culture, hence the unique cultural identities in each human society worldwide. >> Inadvertently, any form of counseling is multicultural in nature, essentially because of the sociocultural plurality and diversity of the people involved in the counseling interactions. /Resources 48 0 R This observation permeates through modernity, and it is an expressed social behavior of many traditionalists in most African countries. Does not address deeper generational issues. The African cultural life has been unique since time immemorial. Inadvertently, most people rely on traditional healers because their herbal treatments are easily accessible, readily available, and practically affordable. A cursory review of the literature suggests that the concept of traditional counseling is rooted in traditional systems of knowledge and sociocultural customs and practices, and it promotes a collective approach to problem identification, resolution, and management. The traditional counselor must be proactive and interactive during the counseling process, and should be conscious of the sociocultural context of the client, his family and environment, which is in sharp contrast to the professional counselors role of reactivity and passivity, which is required in classical psychodynamic counseling practice. Culture is complex, dynamic, and bears both overt and covert differences which are unique to each human society. The search process can be short as well. By getting your feet wet in online therapy, you can learn how to best engage clients using online mediums such as text. 10 0 obj /FontBBox [ -51 -293 1124 1085 ] /FontWeight 325 London, SW7 2QJ, People in different cultures and societies globally have distinct ways of assisting those experiencing social, psychological, behavioral, emotional, familial, spiritual, and physical, problems. /LastChar 169 The disadvantages of individual therapy include: Cost. 24 0 obj From an African perspective, the traditional healer is a psychiatrist, medical doctor, fortune-teller, diviner, social worker, and traditional counselor, all rolled into one. /Contents 116 0 R Traditional /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] Nearly every human society has rituals to mark the passing of a stage in the life of an individual, and all rituals are events with social meaning and symbolic actions. Because all sessions are conducted All the personal and sensitive information of patients is stored on internet sites or devices. The interplay is between one person and the other, usually arising from envy, jealousy, and resentment, and is motivated by the desire for inheritance, revenge, malice, or appropriation of magical power, or for economic gain, enrichment, and prosperity. An overarching theme in most of these advantages is communication, expressing emotions, changing dysfunctional paternal and dealing with major life changes. For administrative purposes, between 15 and 20 villages are demarcated to constitute a zone whose committee is chaired by an elected headman. Most people have different views on what counseling is, and the context of its application, hence the multiplicity of theoretical models. /Parent 1 0 R Talkspace reviews >> Those who live in rural areas simply All these contextual factors are cardinal in understanding the theory and practice of traditional counseling from an African perspective. Group Therapy for Mental Health Treatment /Rotate 0 Communication is a pivot of interaction between the traditional counselor and the client, a means of exchanging information between them; an avenue for social interaction between the family, the community, and the client-counselor context; and a catalyst for interconnectedness, linkages, and interrelationships among the various elements in the traditional counseling process. Advantages And Disadvantages Of Psychoanalytic >> This theoretical paradigm proposes that, in working with the individual client in any setting, it is necessary to understand how that client is embedded in his family and how the family is affected by being embedded in a pluralistic culture. A cursory review of the literature [1, 3, 4, 5, 6] suggests that the concept of traditional counseling is rooted in traditional systems of knowledge and sociocultural values, customs and practices, and it promotes a collective approach to problem identification, resolution, and management. The revelation may have occurred near a river, rock, cave, mountain, tree, or any such other notable emblem. endobj Lasting from Talkspace 23+ Pros and Cons of Counselling (Explained) - theNextFind /Resources 86 0 R First, the attitude that includes the traditional counselors affective, behavioral and cognitive functions; second, the awareness, which includes the traditional counselors self-awareness of her own cultural values, beliefs and biases and how that cultural background affects the interpersonal dynamics between herself and the client; third, the knowledge, which includes familiarity with the major assumptions in traditional systems of knowledge, cultural backgrounds of the clients, and available social networks and referral systems; and fourth, the skills that include the application of traditional interventions and strategies which foster instantaneous resolution or amelioration of the presenting concerns. This view is supported by Ampim [7], who states that, an elder is someone who is given the highest status in African culture, because she has lived a life of purpose, and there is nothing more respected than living a purposeful life [] she is a living model for the other groups in the society to emulate (p.2). How Long Does It Take for Zoloft to Work? /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] In more rural communities of Africa, the rituals may include tying of strings and wearing a talisman, especially prepared with herbal concoctions, around the childs arm, neck, waist or leg. Thats how easy the process is. /Contents 42 0 R They constitute links in the ancestral chain for generations in perpetuity, as a lifeline for the family and clan, genealogically. According to Sue, Ivey and Pedersen [25], the fundamental assumptions of multiculturalism are that it is a meta-theory of counseling, as it offers an organizational framework for understanding the numerous counseling approaches that people have developed. 3)To prevent chronic Take our free mental health test, It Wont Make You as Much Money as In-Office Therapy. Deal with the issue of treatment completion in the context of prolonged therapies. /Contents 118 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] endobj /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] From an African perspective, this collectivist orientation builds stronger sociocultural bonds, promotes more cohesive avenues of problem resolution, and enhances desirable behavior change for the common good of the society. Some people like the office environment and the act of setting aside a time and place for therapy. It is anchored on some fundamental assumptions which are core to its theory, research and practice. Teen therapy 3. Saving Money Compared to Traditional Therapy. We are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including Nobel Prize winners and some of the worlds most-cited researchers. Values and beliefs are an important component of peoples lives as they are used to interpret, judge, and evaluate, external situations or events [15]. /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] All people are products of their distinct sociocultural and historical experience, as exemplified in both developed and developing countries because they are essentially multi-ethnic, multiracial, multicultural, multilingual, and multi-religious by inclination. This blends well with the meta-theoretical approach of multiculturalism. Traditional Counseling Definition | Law Insider Thousands of people prefer this approach because they dont want to risk friends, family members or co-workers knowing they are going to therapy. They know each other very well, they share many things in common, and the behavior of individuals is monitored and controlled by elderly and eminent people in each community. Commuting to an office during business hours can be difficult. Alexa skill, Blog /Parent 1 0 R Traditional counseling theory is collectivist in orientation, and it emphasizes stronger social bonds, promotes group cohesiveness and belongingness, and enhances desirable social behavior for the common good of the society. Some People Need the In-Person Interaction. /Resources 117 0 R /Length 4650 The epicenter of these functions is mostly the church and community, and religious gatherings constitute a formidable social network that is perceived as desirable and relevant to peoples social life. For the vast majority of traditional African protagonists, it is the collective belief in, and reverence of, the ancestors, fear of spirits, totems and symbols, ritual sacrifice, initiation rituals, divination, and charms, as well as their interrelationships and interconnectedness to the enhancement of life, and the genealogical continuity which are fundamental issues of the traditional consciousness [9]. Counseling is, in many respects, an unusual area of study, in that it encompasses a set of strongly competing theoretical perspectives, a wide range of practical applications, and meaningful inputs from various social disciplines.
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